Background of the S-scheme Photocatalysis Combined with Tandem Carbonylation Strategy With the environmental problems caused by the excessive global emission of CO₂, carbon resource utilization has become a key pathway to achieve "carbon neutrality". Traditional photocatalytic CO₂ reduction suffers from limitations such as low charge separation efficiency, poor product utilization rate and high safety risks, while conventional carbonylation reactions require harsh conditions like high temperature and pressure, resulting in high energy consumption and insufficient atom economy. To address these pain points and promote the green conversion of CO₂ into high-value chemicals, an innovative pathway combining S-scheme photocatalysis—featuring efficient charge separation and a broad light absorption range—with the tandem carbonylation strategy has emerged. This provides a new direction for balancing environmental benefits and industrial application potential.
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Principle of the S-scheme Photocatalysis Combined with Tandem Carbonylation Strategy
Given that the conduction band (CB) potential of Bi₂S₃ is more negative than that of CeO₂, Bi₂S₃ can function as a high-efficiency reductive photocatalyst when constructing an S-scheme heterojunction with CeO₂, thereby achieving efficient charge carrier separation and strong redox capability. This study integrates a tandem strategy that combines CO₂ photoreduction with Pd-catalyzed carbonylation. In this system, CO₂ undergoes photoreduction via the CeO₂/Bi₂S₃ S-scheme heterojunction, and the in-situ generated CO is directly utilized for the Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl iodides under mild conditions.This tandem system not only enhances the utilization efficiency of products from photocatalytic CO₂ reduction but also avoids the risks associated with CO handling, providing a safe, green, and scalable strategy for converting CO₂ into high-value pharmaceutical intermediates. By combining S-scheme photocatalysis with tandem catalysis, this research offers an efficient pathway for the direct valorization of CO₂, optimizing the utilization of charge carriers and eliminating the inefficiency caused by intermediate processing steps.
Significance of S-scheme Photocatalysis Combined with Tandem Carbonylation
1.Academic Research: It breaks through the technical bottlenecks of traditional photocatalysis (e.g., low charge separation efficiency) and harsh conditions required for carbonylation reactions, establishing an innovative "photocatalysis-tandem reaction" synergistic mechanism. This provides new theoretical insights and research paradigms for heterojunction photocatalyst design, CO₂ activation and conversion, and multi-step tandem catalysis, enriching the academic system of green catalytic chemistry.
2.Industrial Application: It addresses industrial pain points in traditional CO₂ conversion, such as low product value, complex processes, and high safety risks. By enabling efficient conversion of CO₂ into high-value carbonyl compounds (e.g., esters and amides) under mild conditions (ambient temperature and pressure), it reduces energy consumption and equipment costs in industrial production, enhances the economic added value of carbon resource utilization, and offers a feasible technical pathway for the carbon resource utilization industry.
3.Environmental Development: It facilitates the achievement of "carbon neutrality" goals: through efficient conversion of excess atmospheric CO₂, it reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, it replaces traditional synthesis processes of carbonyl compounds that rely on fossil raw materials, lowering fossil energy consumption and environmental pollution. This forms a closed loop of "emission reduction-resource utilization-green production," delivering both ecological and social benefits.